The aim of relational database designis to generate a set of schemas that allow us to Store information without unnecessary redundancy or overhead and Retrieve information easily with accuracy.

Bad logical database design results in bad physical database design, and generally results in poor database performance. Both the logical and physical design must be right before you can expect to get good performance out of your database. If the logical design is not correct before you begin the design and development of your application, it might be too late after the application has been implemented to fix it. No amount of fast, expensive hardware can fix the poor performance caused by poor logical database design done by average database designer.
The relational database model was conceived by E. F. Codd in 1969, then a researcher at IBM. The model is based on branches of mathematics called set theory and predicate logic.
The basic idea behind the relational model is that a database consists of many unordered tables also known as relations which can be manipulated using non-procedural operations that return tables. This model was in vast contrast to the more traditional database theories of the time that were much more complicated, less flexible and dependent on the physical storage methods of the data.
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